时讯：2018年12月英语六级考试听力真题及答案

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下半年全国大学英语四六级考试将于12月15日举行，澎湃教育将全天候关注，给你带来第一手四六级考试信息。 以下是英语六级作文的真题和答案

六级听力

abcdd abcac bcdab adcda bdacb

“是的”。 a ) itcanbenefitprofessionalsandnon-professionals alike

输入。 b ) storiesaboutsomefemalephysicists。

“是的”。 c ) byincludinglotsoffascinatingknowledge。

四。 d ) itprovidesexperimentstheycandothemselves

五。 d ) hehasnotideahowtoproceedwithisdissertation。

六。 a) it is too broad。

“是的”。 b) nature

八。 c) list the parameters first。

“是的”。 a ) theunprecedentedhightemperatureingreenland

十。 c ) ittypiacllyappearsaboutonceeverytenyears

11 b) iceless summers in the arctic。

十二。 c) a strong determination。

十三。 d ) itismostimportanttohaveconfidenceinone ` swill Power。

十四。 a) they could keep on working longer。

十五。 b) they are subject to change。

十六。 a ) abouthalfofcurrentjobsmightbeautomated。

七。 d ) theycouldgradehigh-schoolessaysjustlikehumanteachers。

十八。 c ) ithastorelyonhugeamountsofpreviousdata。

十九。 d ) thetheoreticalaspectsofsustainableenergy

二十。 a) drive trains with solar energy。

二十一。 b ) findanewmaterialforstoringenergy。

二。 d ) thepoorrelationbetweennationalhealthandsocialcareservices。

23。 a ) itwasmainlyprovidedbyvoluntary服务。

二十四。 c ) theirpreferenceforprivateservices

二十五。 b ) theyhavelongbeendiscriminatedagainst。

conversation 1

heyijustreadagreatbookaboutphysics。 i think you‘d like it。 it’scalledthephysicsoftheworld。 it ' swrittenbyascientistnamedsylviamendez。

oh i read that book。 it was great。 thewriterisawarmandcompetentguidetothemysteriesofphysics。 ithinkitpromisesenrichmentforanyreaderfromthosewhoknowlittleaboutsciencetothecarerphysicist。

and it ' srefreshingtoseeastrongcuriouscleverwomanaddinghervoicetothescientificdiscourseandafieldthathasbeentraditionalydonamina sitit'srefreshingtious，s，sthadoman，ithinkshehastobecommendedformakinganefforttoincludeanecdotesaboutlittleknownfemalesciens youknowtheywereoftenvictimsofagenerationfirmlyconvincedthatthewoman’splacewasinthehome。

ilikehowthebookisclearlywrittenwitheachchapterbroughttolifebypiecesoffascinatingknowledge。 youdaokaoshenforexampleinonechaptersheexposesamyththati ' veheardtaughtbyuniversityphysicsprofesors。 I’veoftenheardthatmedievalglasswindowsarethickeratthebottombecauseglassflowslikeafluid。 this，she shows，is not true。 thedistortionisactuallythankstoapeculiarityoftheglassmakersprocess。

yeahilikehowshecultivatesscientificengagementbyprovidingahostofdoityourselfexperimentsthatbringthesamefoundationalprinciplesof fromusingcomplexlawsofphysicstotestwhetheraspinningeggiscookedtomeasuringatmosphericpresurebyliftingapieceofcardboard。 her hands-onexamplesmakeherbookatrulyinteractiveread。

yesimustsaythisaequation-freebookisanidealreadforscientistsofallstripes，anyoneteachingscienceandevenpeoplewhodislikephychis

question1: whatdoesthewomansayaboutthebookthemanrecommended？

a ) itcanbenefitprofessionalsandnon-professionals alike

question2: whatcanwefindinthebookthemanrecommended？

b ) storiesaboutsomefemalephysicists。

question3: howdoestheauthorbringherbooktolife？

c ) byincludinglotsoffascinatingknowledge。

question4: howdoesthebookcultivatereadersinterestinphysics。

d ) itprovidesexperimentstheycandothemselves

转换2。

a:hi professor。 iwashopingicouldhaveamomentofyourtimeifyou ' renottoobusy。 I’mhavingsomeproblemsgettingstartedonmydissertationandiwashopingyoucouldgivemesomeadviceonhowtobegin。

b:sure ihavequiteafewstudentsthough.socanyouremindmewhatyourtopicis？

a:thegeneraltopichoseisaesthetics，but that ' sasfarasi ' veg oti don ' treallyknowwheretogofromthere。

b:yeah，that‘s much too large a topic。 youreallyneedtonarrowitdowninordertomakeitmoreaccessible。 otherwise you’llbewritingabook。

a :快车。 that‘s what i wanted to ask you about。 iwashopingitwouldbepossibleformetochangetopics。 I’mreallymoreinterestedinnaturethanbeauty。

b:I‘mafraidyouhavetoadheretotheassignedtoPIC。 still，if you’reinterestedinnature，thenthatcertainlycanbeworkedintoyourdissertation。 we ' vetalkedabouthumebeforeinclassright。

a:oh yeah，he‘sthephilosopherwhowroteaboutwhereourideasofbeautycomefrom。

b :快车。 isuggestyougotothelibraryandgetacopyofhisbiography。 开始来自there。 youdaokaoshenbutremembertosticktotheparametersoftheassignment。 thispaperisalargepartofyourcumulativegrade。 somakesuretofollowtheinstructions。 if you take a look at his biography。 youcangetagoodideaofhowhifeexperiencesmanifestthemselvesinhistheoriesofbeauty。 specificallythewayhelookedtowardsnatureastheoriginofwhatwefindbeautiful。

a :电网。 thanksfortakingthetimetoanswermyquestions，professor。 i‘ll let you get back to class now。

b:if there‘s anything else you need，pleasecomeseemeinmyofficeanytime。

question5: what is theman ' s problem？

d ) hehasnotideahowtoproceedwithisdissertation。

question6whatdoestheprofessorthinkoftheman ' s topic？

a) it is too broad。

question7what’sthemanreallymoreinterestedin？

b) nature

question8whatdoestheprofessorsaythemanhastodo？

c) list the parameters first。

passage 1

duringthearcticwinterfromoctobertomarch，theaveragetemperatureinthefrozennorthtypicalyhoversaroundminus 20 degrees celsius。 butthisyearthearcticisexperiencingmuchighertemperatures。 onfebruarythe 20 ththetemperatureingreenlandclimbedabovefreezingorzerodegreescelsiusanditstayedthereforover 24 hours。 thenonfebruarythe 24 ththetemperatureongreenland ' snortherntipreachedsixdegreescelsius。 climatescientistsdescribethephenomenonasstunning。 weatherconditionsthatdrivethisbizarretemperaturesurgehavevisitedthearcticbefore。 theytypicallyappearaboutonceinadecade。 youdaokaoshen however，thelastsuchincreaseintemperaturetookplacetwoyearsago。 thisistroublingasclimbingarctictemperaturescombinedwithrapidseaicelossarecreatinganewtypeofclimatefedbackloopwhichcouldcelecti withoutthosemassesofcoolingseaice，warmairbroughttothearcticcanpenetratefurtherinlandthaniteverdidbefore。 the air can stay warmer longer too。 this drives additional melting。 overallearthiswarmingatarapidpace。 throughrankasthehottestyearsonrecordandthearcticiswarmingtwiceasfastasanyplaceelseonearth。 thisraisesuniquechallengesforarcticwildlifeandindigenouspeoplewhodependonarcticecosystemstosurvive。 previouslyclimateforecastspredictedthatarcticsummericewoulddisappearentirelybyaround 2060，butbasedonwhatscientistsareseeingnows

question 9。 whatdidclimatescientistsdescribeasstunning？

a ) theunprecedentedhightemperatureingreenland

question 10。 whatdoesthepassagesayaboutthattemperaturesurgeinthearctic？

c ) ittypiacllyappearsaboutonceeverytenyears

question 11。 whatmayoccurin 20 yearsaccordingtoscientists’recent observations？

b)iceless summers in the arctic。

passage2

agooddoseofwillpowerisoftennecessarytoseeanytaskthroughwhetherit ' sstickingtoaspendingplanorfinishingagreatnovel。 andifyouwanttoincreasethatwillpower。 anewstudysuggestsyoujustsimplyhavetobelieveyouhaveit。 according to this study，whatmattersmostiswhatwethinkaboutourwillpower。 ifwebelieveit’safiniteresource，we act that way，wefeelexhaustedandneedbreaksbetweendemandingmentaltasks。 however，peoplewhoviewtheirwillpowerasalimitlessresourcegetenergizedinstead。 theresearchersusedapsychologicalassessmenttooltotestthevalidityofthestudy。 they asked 1100 Americans and 1600 europeanstogradedifferentstatementssuchasafterachallengingmentalactivity， myenergyisdepletedandimustresttogetitrefueledagainoricanfocusonamentaltaskforlongperiodswithoutfeelingtired。

althoughtherewaslittledifferencebetweenmenandwomenoverall。 youdaokaoshenamericansweremorelikelytoadmittoneedingbreaksaftercompletingmentallychallengingtaskseuropeanparticipantsonthethehe namericicanswericanswericanswereme based on the findings，theresearcherssuggestthatthekeytoboostingyourwillpoweristobelievethatyouhaveanabe yourfeelingsaboutyourwillpoweraffectthewayyoubehave。 but these feelings are changeable，they said。 changingyourbeliefsaboutthenatureofyourself-controlcanhavepositiveeffectsoncharacterdevelopment。 thisleadstohealthierbehaviorsandperceptionsofotherpeople。

question 12 whatisoftennecessaryforcarryingthroughatask？

c) a strong determination。

question 13 whatisthefindingofthenewstudy？

d ) itismostimportanttohaveconfidenceinone ` swill Power。

question 14 whatdowelearnabouteuropeanparticipantsascomparedwiththeiramericancounterparts？

a) they could keep on working longer。

question 15 whatdotheresearchsayconcerningpeople ' sfelingsaboutwillpower？

b)they are subject to change。

lecture 1

here is my baby niece sarah。 hermumisadoctorandherdadisalawyer。 bythetimesarahgoestocollegethejobsherparentsdoaregoingtolookdramaticalydifferent。 in，researchersatoxforduniversitydidastudyonthefutureofwork。 theyconcludedthatalmostoneineverytwojobshasahighriskofbeingautomatedbymachines。 machinelearningisthetechnologythat ' sresponsibleformostofthisdisruption。 it’sthemostpowerfulbranchofartificialintelligence。 itallowsmachinestolearnfromdataandcopysomeofthethingsthathumanscando。 我的公司，kaggle，operatesonthecuttingedgeofmachinelearning。 webringtogetherhundredsofthousandsofexpertstosolveimportantproblemsforindustryandacademia。 thisgivesusanuniqueperspectiveonwhatmachinescando，whattheycan‘tdoandwhatjobstheymightautomateorthreaten’。 machinelearningstartedmakingitswayintoindustryintheearly 90 s。 youdaokaoshenitstartedwithrelativelysimpletasks。 itstartedwiththingslikeassessingcreditriskfromloanapplications，sortingthemailbyreadinghandwrittenzipcodes。 over the past few years，wehavemadedramaticbreakthroughs。 machinelearningisnowcapableoffar，far more complex tasks。 in，kagglechallengeditscommunitytobuildaprogramthatcouldgradehighschoolessays。 thewinningprogramswereabletomatchthegradesgivenbyhumanteachers。 now given the right data，machinesaregoingtooutperformhumansattaskslikethis。 ateachermightread 10000 essaysovera 40-year career。 amachinecanreadmillionsofessayswithinminutes。 wehavenochanceofcompetingagainstmachinesonfrequenthigh-volume tasks，buttherearethingswecandothatmachinescannot。 wheremachineshavemadeverylittleprogressisintacklingnovelsituations。 machines can’thandlethingstheyhaven’tseenmanytimesbefore。 thefundamentallimitationofmachinelearningisthatitneedstolearnfromlargevolumesofpastdata。 buthumansdon’t。 wehavetheabilitytoconnectseeminglydifferentthreadstosolveproblemswe ' veneverseenbefore。

question 16 whatdidtheresearchersatoxforduniversityconclude？

a ) abouthalfofcurrentjobsmightbeautomated。

question 17。 whatdowelearnaboutkagglecompanieswinningprograms？

d ) theycouldgradehigh-schoolessaysjustlikehumanteachers。

question 18。 whatisthefundamentallimitationonmachinelearning？

c ) ithastorelyonhugeamountsofpreviousdata。

lecture 2

we‘vetalkedrecentlyabouttheimportanceofsustainableenergy。 we’vealsotalkedaboutthedifferenttheoriesonhowthatcanbedone。 so far，ourdiscussionshaveallbeentheoretical。 nowihaveapracticalquestionforyouall。 can your una 140，000 kilogramtrainonjustthesteamgeneratedbysolarpower？ well，one engineer，tim casselman，believes it‘s possible。 and his home city of sacramento，californiashouldseethetechnology’sfirsttestaspartoftheupgradingofitsrailyard。 casselman，whoisaninventorandself-proclaimedsteamvisionary， iscampaigningforanewsteamtrainthatrunswithoutanyfireandcouldrunonanexisting 10 kilometerlinedrawingtouristsandperhapsofferingcti ildanarrayofsolarmagnifyingmirrorsatoneendofthelinetocollectandfocusheatontowaterfilledtubes。 thiswouldgeneratesteamthatcouldbeusedtofilltanksonasmallsteamtrainwithouttheuseoffire。 supplyingpowertotrainsinthiswaywouldoffertheshortestdistancefromwelltowheelshesayswitheleastamountofenergylost。 youdaokaoshenaccordingtoharryvalentijn，acanadianengineerwhoisresearchingmodernsteamtechnology， aspecialtankmeasuring 2by 10 metrescouldstoreover 750 kilowatthoursofenergyashighpressuresteamenoughtopullatwocartrainforanhourorso motivecanbestoredinothermaterialsbesideswaterforexampleateamattohokuniversityinjapanhasstudiedmatera lsthatcanstorelargeamount thesematerialsturnfromasolidintoaliquidabsorbingenergyastheychangephase。 theliquidismaintainedaboveitsmeltingpointuntilsteamisrequiredatwhichpointtheliquidisallowedtoturnbackintoasolidreleasingits stop agoyauniversityinjapanhastestedcalciumcompoundasanenergystoragematerial。 heatingthischemicalcompounddrivesoffcarbondioxidegasleavingcalciumoxidethegascanbestoredunderpressureandattaintorecoverthenerer hiscancreateahighenoughtemperaturetogeneratesuperheatedsteam。

question 19:whathasthespeakerpreviouslytalkedabout？

d ) thetheoreticalaspectsofsustainableenergy

question 20:whatistimcasselmantryingtodoinsacramento？

a) drive trains with solar energy。

question 21:whathasajapaneseresearchteamtriedtodo？

b ) findanewmaterialforstoringenergy。

lecture 3

today ' scrisisincareforolderpeopleinenglandhastwomaincauses。

first，peoplearelivinglongerwithalotmorecomplexneeds。 second，theyrelyonasystemthathaslongbeenmarkedbyapoorrelationbetweennationalhealthandsocial-care services。

currentservicesoriginateintwokeymeasures。 theyarethenationalhealthserviceandthe 1948 nationalassistanceact。 thisrequiredlocalgovernmenttoprovideresidentialaccommodationforolderpeopleandsupervisecarehomesrunbyindependentorganizations。

theyalsoprovidedhomeandcommunityservicesincludingmeals，daycentersandhomehelpersandothersubsidizedservices。 thenationalhealthservicewasfreeandwhollypubliclyprovided。 itdeliveredthebesthealth-care for all。 nosuchvisionguidedresidentialandcommunitycarethough。 thecarewassubstantiallyprovidedbyvoluntaryserviceswhichworkedtogetherwithlocalauthoritiesastheylonghadwitheligibilitybasedondii tybasedondion today，lifeexpectancyhasrisenfrom 66 foramaleatbirthin 1948 to around 80 now。 in addition，thereisbetteroverallhealthandimprovedmedicalknowledgeandcare。 youdaokaoshenthismeansanunprecedentednumberofpeoplearesurvivinglongerinconditionsrequiringexpertsupport。 familiesprovideatleastasmuchcareastheyeverdid。 even so，theycanrarelywithoutsubsidisedsupportaddresseriouspersonalneeds。 careforolderpeoplefacedpersistentcriticismasthesetrendsbecameapparent。 from the early 1960s，localauthoritieswerequiredtoplanhealthandwelfareservices。 theaimwastoenableolderpeopletoremainintheirownhomesforaslongaspossible，butthisincreasedconcernaboutthelackofcoordinationbets t howeveratatimeoffinancialcrisis，fundingdiminishedandlittlechanged。 in the 1980s，the government cut spending。 meanwhile，preferenceforprivateoverpublicservicesmademanagementevenmoredifficult。 simultaneously，the number of sick older people grew。 governmentsemphasizedtheneedtoimproveservices。 theydidsothoughwhiledoinglittletostoptheerosionofavailableaid。 serviceswereirregularacrossauthorities。 unless you were prepared to pay，theywereincreasinglydifficulttoobtainforanybutthemostseverelydisabled。 why HA s60 yearsofcriticismproducedsolittlechange。 discriminationagainstolderpeoplehasalonghistory。 additionally，thoseaffectedbyinadequatehealthandsocialcarearetoovulnerabletolaunchtheproteststhaveaddresedotherformsodision

question 22 whatisonecauseofthecurrentcrisisincarefortheelderlyinengland？

d ) thepoorrelationbetweennationalhealthandsocialcareservices。

question 23。 whatdoesthespeakersayaboutresidentialandcommunitycare？

a ) itwasmainlyprovidedbyvoluntary服务。

question 24。 whatmademanagementofcarefortheelderlymoredifficultinthe 1980 s？

c ) theirpreferenceforprivateservices

question 25。 whatdoesthespeakersayaboutolderpeopleinengland？

b ) theyhavelongbeendiscriminatedagainst。

资料来源:有道考神